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Ultimate Trave Guide: Atacama Desert 2025

Ultimate Travel Guide: Atacama Desert 2025

  • Reading time:
    15 min
  • Content:
    Max Rive
  • Editor:
    M. McCardle
  • Date:
    March 28, 25
  • Read time
    15 min
  • Content:
    Max Rive
  • Editor:
    Madison
Planning a trip to the Atacama Desert and wondering what to expect? This Ultimate Travel Guide details everything you need to plan an unforgettable adventure. From weather, transportation, and accommodations to national parks, entry fees, drone regulations, power adapters, and money withdrawals, we’ve got you covered.

Let’s dive in—starting with a bit of history to help you appreciate the significance of this diverse landscape.

History

The Atacama Desert, located in northern Chile, is famous for being one of the driest places on Earth. With its vibrant sand formations, towering mountain ranges, and majestic volcanoes, it has attracted travelers from around the world for years. The region is also well known as a testing ground for Mars expeditions, as its extreme and arid environment closely resembles the conditions found on the Red Planet.

Although now part of Chile, the Atacama Desert was at the center of multiple 19th-century conflicts between Bolivia, Peru, and Chile due to its rich sodium nitrate deposits—a highly valuable mineral at the time. While the deposits were originally located within Bolivian and Peruvian territories, the mining industry was controlled by Chilean and British interests, which were strongly backed by the Chilean government.

Following Chile’s victory in the War of the Pacific (1879–1884), the Treaty of Ancón (1883) granted Chile permanent control over former Peruvian and Bolivian lands, including Bolivia’s entire Pacific coastline. This territorial shift significantly reshaped the region’s geopolitical landscape, leaving Bolivia landlocked—a status it still holds today.

Aridity

Every time I researched the Atacama Desert, I kept coming across the word "arid"—and I had to look it up! In climatology, aridity is defined as "the degree to which a climate lacks effective, life-promoting moisture." This means the Atacama isn’t just dry—it’s also barren and unable to support most forms of life.

The most arid region of the Atacama Desert lies between two massive mountain ranges: the Andes and the Chilean Coast Range. These mountains are high enough to block moisture from both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, preventing rainfall and making the Atacama one of the driest places on Earth.

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San Pedro de Atacama

San Pedro de Atacama is a meeting point for travelers from around the world and a top tourist destination in its own right. The area offers a wide range of activities for adventure seekers, including trekking, climbing, archaeological explorations, amateur astronomy, and desert tours. For the more daring, sandboarding on the dunes is also a popular activity.

Due to its altitude—averaging 8,000 feet (2,400 m)—some visitors may experience mild altitude sickness, but the real acclimatization is required when you travel further into the Atacama desert where the altitude can double in some areas to almost 5000m depending where you drive.

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Altitude Sickness and How to Prepare 

You can’t prevent it, but you can adapt more easily. There’s no way to completely avoid altitude sickness, but you can make it easier and less painful to adjust. Drink more fluids than you think you need. Even if you’re not thirsty, drink! Dehydration makes altitude sickness worse. Eat more than you think you need. You won’t feel hungry, but your body needs more energy than usual.
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Weather

San Pedro de Atacama sits at an altitude of 2,443 meters (8,015 feet) above sea level and experiences long, warm summers and short, cold winters, with mostly clear skies year-round.

In winter (June–August), daytime temperatures average 22°C (72°F), while nights drop to 4°C (39°F), occasionally reaching lows of -2°C (28°F). Summer (January–March) sees daytime temperatures around 27°C (81°F), with highs of 32°C (90°F) and nighttime lows of 16°C (61°F).

Throughout the year, temperatures typically range from 1°C (34°F) to 27°C (80°F). January is the hottest month, averaging 27°C (80°F) during the day and 9°C (48°F) at night, while July is the coldest, with highs of 20°C (68°F) and lows around 1°C (34°F).

Despite these fluctuations, the dry climate and high altitude make it essential for visitors to stay hydrated and dress in layers to adapt to the changing conditions.
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How to Get There

If you're flying in from overseas, your journey will most likely take you through Santiago first, followed by a flight to Calama—the entry point to San Pedro de Atacama, the nearest town to the Atacama Desert. San Pedro de Atacama doesn’t have its own airport, so this will be the standard travel route.

From Santiago, you can fly to Calama with three airlines: LATAM, Sky Airline, and JetSmart, the latter two being budget-friendly options. Personally, I’ve always flown with LATAM, and I’ve had a great experience.

Once in Calama, you’ll need to hire a transport service or rent a car. Several companies at the airport offer these services, as most passengers will require them. The distance from Calama to San Pedro de Atacama is 101 km, and the drive takes about an hour. To save money, it’s a good idea to book a round-trip transfer. Prices are generally fixed, so there’s no need to wait until you arrive in San Pedro to book your return trip. When you hire a transfer, you’ll be dropped off right at your hotel, so just keep in mind that the travel time may be a bit longer depending on how many passengers are being dropped off along the way.

If you're considering taking the bus from Santiago to Atacama, it’s a very long journey, and I wouldn’t recommend it unless you’re on an extremely tight budget. The bus ride takes about 22 hours to Calama, followed by an additional hour to San Pedro.
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Car Rental Calama

There are many car rental services at Calama Airport, you can book through one of the vendors when you arrive or book in advance through booking.com. I have used Kayak before and they were great, no issues with the return and easy to use. 

Accommodation in San Pedro

Here are four reasonably priced accommodations in San Pedro de Atacama:

    1. Hostal Mamatierra – Cozy hostel with free breakfast and Wi-Fi.

    2. Yakana Hotel – Quiet, clean hotel with high-speed Wi-Fi.

    3. Hostal Rural  – Centrally located with a friendly atmosphere.

    4. Backpackers San Pedro  – Affordable dorm-style hostel with good reviews.
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National Parks and Entry Fees

For certain parks, it’s necessary to book tickets in advance.

For Piedras Rojas and Lagunas Miscanti y Miñiques, tickets cannot be purchased on-site, and entry will be denied if you arrive without one. Tickets must be purchased in advance through Socaire, located in San Pedro.

Ruta 23 is an incredibly scenic drive, offering stunning views, including a viewing area for Aguas Calientes Salt Flat. However, when we arrived, despite the area being empty, we were informed by staff that tickets can only be purchased at the Socaire office in San Pedro, which is over an hour’s drive away. IMPORTANT: If you plan to drive along Ruta 23 and visit Piedras Rojas or Lagunas Miscanti y Miñiques, make sure you stop at Socaire first to purchase your tickets.

Though we were told that tickets are required for the viewing platforms, we were able to enjoy the beautiful views from the road, which is allowed. However, we definitely felt a bit unwelcome in the area. The rangers followed our car, stopping us multiple times to question us. After confirming that it was fine to view the park from the road, we were still followed by the rangers, which gave the impression that tourists aren't exactly encouraged in this park.

While you can still drive through and enjoy the natural beauty from the road, be aware that the rangers are very strict and vigilant about the rules, making it feel like a very protected area. It’s a lovely drive, but just be mindful of the regulations and the approach taken by park staff.

Valley of the Moon

Visit Website
The Valley of the Moon was originally named “Las Salinas” due to the large amount of salt that allowed for a small salt mining operation. The salt’s origin is linked to factors such as the volcanic activity in the area, the weathering of rocks containing minerals like Na (Sodium) and Cl (Chlorine), and the endorheic nature of the basin, which enables the "recycling" of chemical elements during rain periods on the Altiplano.

The entrance fee is 14 USD for adults, and the Valley of the Moon is open year-round. From September to March, cyclists are allowed entry from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m., and motorized vehicles are permitted between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Pedestrians are not allowed during these times. The Ckari sector is open from 10:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.. From April to August, cyclists can enter between 8:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m., while motorized vehicles can enter from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., with the Ckari sector open from 10:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

While visiting, it's important to respect the natural and cultural heritage of the area. Follow the instructions of local guides, and walk only on marked trails. Do not collect any natural materials such as rocks or salt, and ensure that vehicular traffic doesn’t exceed 20 km/h. Pets, smoking, and alcohol are not allowed, and drone overflights are prohibited.

For cyclists, be sure to bring a helmet, water, and a reflective vest, and remember that you must first check in at the central reception to access Mirador de Ckari or Piedra del Coyote.

Please note that on April 1, 22, and 29, the Valley will open at noon for training, and on April 8 and 9, it will be closed all day for maintenance and training.
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Lagunas Miscanti y Miñiques

Located at high altitudes in the Andes mountains, these twin lagoons are surrounded by majestic volcanoes. The area is rich in wildlife, including flamingos and vicuñas, and offers visitors the chance to experience the rugged beauty of the high desert. It is a great spot for photography, hiking, and observing the stunning natural scenery. You can purchase tickets on-site.
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Piedras Rojas

There isn't an official website for Piedras Rojas, but information can be found on National Park and tour operator websites. Also known as Red Rocks, is a striking area known for its vibrant red-colored rock formations, salt flats, and the backdrop of snow-capped mountains.
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Salar de Atacama (Atacama Salt Flat)

The Salar de Atacama is the largest salt flat in Chile and one of the most significant in the world. It’s home to a unique ecosystem, with flamingos and other bird species thriving in the shallow lagoons. Visitors can explore the vast white expanse and enjoy spectacular views of the surrounding mountains and the nearby Laguna Chaxa.
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Eduardo Avaroa National Park (Bolivia)

Although not in Chile, the Eduardo Avaroa National Park is located just across the border in Bolivia, near the Atacama Desert. It is famous for its otherworldly landscapes, including the Salar de Uyuni (the world's largest salt flat), Laguna Colorada (Red Lagoon), and geothermal areas like Sol de Mañana. It’s a top destination for adventurous travelers looking to explore surreal environments.
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Restrictions

Personally, I found Atacama to be quite a restrictive area to visit. Many places don't allow access for activities like hiking, walking, driving, camping, eating, or even just exploring freely. It can feel a bit frustrating at times. However, there are still some great spots where you can go hiking and enjoy yourself. Just be aware of the National Park areas and the rules to follow before you go. 
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Drones

Yes, you can use drones in the Atacama Desert, but there are some important regulations and restrictions to consider:

The General Drone Rules in Chile are that if your drone weighs over 750g, it must be registered with Chile’s DGAC (Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil). Of course you must have a pilot license: If your drone
 is for commercial use, you may need a special license from the DGAC. There are definitley “No-Fly Zones” Avoid all protected areas, national parks, and archaeological sites unless you have special permission.

Special Considerations for Atacama Desert

San Pedro de Atacama & Valle de la Luna: These are protected areas, and drone use is often restricted. Check with CONAF (National Forestry Corporation) for permits.

Harsh Conditions: Strong winds, high temperatures, and fine dust can affect drone performance.

Camping

When we explored Atacama, we opted not to stay in San Pedro de Atacama but instead took a tent and supplies with us into the desert. We camped along the side of the road, avoiding National Parks as they are restricted areas. Overall, camping was an interesting experience, and if you're truly looking to experience desert life, I highly recommend it! The extreme temperature fluctuations—freezing overnight and hot, windy days—really highlight the harshness of the environment. We didn’t encounter any issues with rangers or authorities while camping along the roadside, and we were treated to some amazing sunrises and sunsets right from the wilderness.
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Clothing

While Atacama is known for being sunny and dry, it can also be extremely windy, which can make packing for the hot weather a bit tricky. Along with sun protection like a sunhat, sunscreen, and sunglasses, I recommend packing light layers for the heat as well as warmer layers to protect against the cold wind. Since temperatures can drop to freezing at night and the daytime wind can make it feel even colder, layering is key to staying comfortable.

Animals of Atacama

Despite being barren and like I’ve said many times a hostile environment for life to thrive, it still does! There are a few oasis’s in the desert as well as natural streams and waterways which attracts all kinds of wildlife. A variety of resilient animals adapted to the harsh environment. Some of the key species you might encounter in the desert include:

    1. Vicunas – A wild relative of the llama, vicunas are found in the high-altitude regions of the desert. They are well-adapted to the cold nights and hot days of the desert.

    2. Llamas – Domesticated for thousands of years, llamas are often seen in the desert regions, primarily used by local communities for transport and wool.

    3. Guanacos – Similar to vicunas but larger, guanacos are another relative of the llama and are commonly seen in the lower altitudes of the desert.

    4. Andean Fox (Culpeo) – A medium-sized fox found in the Andes foothills and desert regions. It's an opportunistic predator, feeding on rodents, birds, and other small animals.

    5. Pumas – Although elusive and rarely seen, pumas (or mountain lions) roam the high-altitude areas of the desert, preying on guanacos and other mammals.

    6. Chilean Flamingos – The desert’s salt flats and salt lakes are home to large flocks of Chilean flamingos, which feed on algae and small organisms in the saline waters.
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Currency

The currency in Chile is the Chilean Peso. In Calama and San Pedro, we had no issues using credit cards to pay for groceries, fuel, and even our SIM card. However, many restaurants and tourist shops accept only cash, so I recommend withdrawing some before your journey—either at the airport in Santiago or Calama, or upon arrival in San Pedro. 

Here are some ATM locations in San Pedro:

    • Salcobrand Pharmacy (BCI): Caracoles 241, Tocopilla intersection.

    • Cruz Verde Pharmacy (BCI): Caracoles 359, Toconao intersection.

    • BCI Bank: Vilama 425-D, Caracoles intersection.

    • Banco Estado: Gustavo Le Paige, in front of ex Museo Arqueológico.

Useful Information

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PERU PHOTO TOUR
10 unforgettable days in one of the most spectacular mountain ranges in the world - only limited spots available! 
Language
Spanish is the official language in Chile. It is spoken by the majority of the population in the form of Chilean Spanish, as well as Andean Spanish. 

Adapters
In Chile, power plugs and sockets (outlets) of type C and type L are used.

Good to Save Locations and Numbers
Health Clinic – Medical Post
 📞851-010
Gustavo Le Paige 386

Carabineros de Chile – Police
📞 +56 55 275 5350
Plaza San Pedro de Atacama

Gas Station – Copec
📞 +56 96 238 1143
Intersection of Ruta 27 & Ruta 23

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MAX RIVE 

PHOTOGRAPHER & PHOTO TOUR LEADER
MAX RIVE
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PHOTOGRAPHER & 
PHOTO TOUR LEADER
Max Rive is most driven by seeking new perspectives in the natural world and capturing them in his own distinguished style. Max's powerful portrayals of his interactions with the mountains has earned him international recognition in the outdoor community. 
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MADISON MCCARDLE

PHOTOGRAPHER & PHOTO TOUR LEADER

MADISON MCCARDLE
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PHOTOGRAPHER & 
PHOTO TOUR LEADER
Madison McCardle is a passionate landscape photographer driven by curiosity and a desire to capture the true essence of each place she explores. Through her lens, she seeks new perspectives that reveal the beauty and authenticity of the world.
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